{"id":3798,"date":"2025-02-14T21:40:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T20:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/palaeonavix.bestmarke.de\/portfolio\/marine-invertebrates-brachiopoda\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T00:54:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T22:54:50","slug":"marine-invertebrates-brachiopoda","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/portfolio\/marine-invertebrates-brachiopoda\/","title":{"rendered":"Marine invertebrates: rhynchonelliform brachiopods"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At first glance, brachiopods have a universal structure: a coiled filter apparatus inside, a brachial valve at the top \u2013 i.e. not right and left as in bivalves \u2013 and a pedicle valve on the bottom, plus of course the pedicle as a muscular anchorage on hard surfaces. Most of today&#8217;s rhynchonelliform brachiopods show this adhesive stalk. If one compares the exceptions with extraordinarily preserved fossils, a wider range becomes apparent. Some cling to objects as if they wanted to imitate byssate bivalves (<em>Stringocephalus<\/em>). Others apparently sent adhesive appendages through pores in their shells (<em>Uncites<\/em>). Thin stalks, which functioned as a tether, are documented by soft tissue preservation, while the curved shell of the floating brachiopod directed the water into the interior (<em>Hysterolithes<\/em>). Long spines made it possible to colonize soft ground without a stalk (<em>Horridonia<\/em>). A clear stalk hole therefore represents the primary condition (<em>Rhynchonella<\/em>, ribbed; <em>Coenothyris<\/em>, smooth). Where neither stalk nor spines are present, the shell lies flat, while the frill is intended to protect against inflowing sand grains (<em>Leptaena<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Digital plate on the variety of brachiopods \u2013 pedicle, spines and frill as solutions for anchorage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3796,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pn_jahr":"2024","pn_taxon":"Stringocephalus; Uncites; Hysterolithes; Horridonia; Rhynchonella; Coenothyris; Leptaena","pn_auftraggeber":"TU Bergakademie Freiberg","pn_ausstellung":"","pn_masse":"","pn_quelle_url":"","pn_lizenz":"\u00a9 Palaeonavix","pn_alt_url":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/index.php\/palaeo-illustration\/marine-invertebrates-brachiopoda","pn_mitwirkende":"","footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[158],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-3798","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-palaeo-illustration"],"acf":{"pn_jahr":"2024","pn_taxon":"Stringocephalus; Uncites; Hysterolithes; Horridonia; Rhynchonella; Coenothyris; Leptaena","pn_auftraggeber":"TU Bergakademie Freiberg","pn_ausstellung":"","pn_masse":"","pn_quelle_url":"","pn_lizenz":"\u00a9 Palaeonavix","pn_mitwirkende":"","pn_verwandte":[3560,3783],"pn_links":null,"pn_publikationen":null,"pn_alt_url":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/index.php\/palaeo-illustration\/marine-invertebrates-brachiopoda"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/3798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3798"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/3798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4108,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/3798\/revisions\/4108"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/3783"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/3560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=3798"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=3798"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.palaeonavix.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=3798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}